生物学杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (4): 98-.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2026.04.098

• 综述与专论 • 上一篇    下一篇

蛋白质谷氨酰胺酶的高效表达、分子改造与食品蛋白改性的研究进展

张 政1,2, 赵文静1, 张韵芝1, 黄 静1   

  1. 1. 华东师范大学 生命科学学院, 上海 200241;
    2. 中国人民解放军海军军医大学 基础医学院, 上海 200433
  • 出版日期:2026-08-18 发布日期:2026-08-21
  • 通讯作者: 黄静,博士,教授,研究方向为微生物与酶工程,E-mail:jhuang@bio.ecnu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:张政,博士,讲师,研究方向为微生物合成生物学,E-mail:490241996@qq.com;赵文静,硕士研究生,研究方向为微生物与酶工程,E-mail:3331239050@qq.com;张政和赵文静为共同第一作者
  • 基金资助:
    华东师范大学校企合作项目(11302-412312-23162)

Advances in efficient expression, molecular design, and food protein modification of protein glutaminase

ZHANG Zheng1,2, ZHAO Wenjing1, ZHANG Yunzhi1, HUANG Jing1   

  1. 1. School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China;
    2. Basic Medical School, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
  • Online:2026-08-18 Published:2026-08-21

摘要: 本文系统综述蛋白质谷氨酰胺酶(protein glutaminase, PG,EC 3.5.1.44)的结构特征、催化机制及其在不同宿主系统中的表达优化与分子改造进展。PG来源于解朊金黄杆菌(Chryseobacterium proteolyticum),其酶原需经蛋白酶激活为成熟酶来发挥脱酰胺功能。通过异源表达体系(如大肠杆菌、谷氨酸棒杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌),PG产量显著提升,其中,枯草芽孢杆菌通过启动子优化和融合标签策略实现了36.9 U/mL的高产。此外,基于理性设计和计算机辅助的分子改造策略有效提高了PG的催化活性和热稳定性,如突变体D1比酶活达131.6 U/mg,突变体mPG-5M热半衰期提升55倍。尽管研究取得显著进展,但是PG的工业化生产仍面临部分宿主内毒素污染、酶原激活成本高等挑战。未来需进一步开发高效、安全的表达系统,并结合人工智能加速酶分子设计,以推动PG在植物基食品中的广泛应用。

关键词: 蛋白质谷氨酰胺酶, 表达优化, 分子改造, 异源表达, 植物基食品

Abstract: This review systematically summarized the structural characteristics, catalytic mechanisms, expression optimization in heterologous hosts, and progress in molecular engineering of protein glutaminase (PG, EC 3.5.1.44). Derived fromChryseobacterium proteolyticum, PG required proteolytic activation from its zymogen to the mature enzyme for deamidation activity. Heterologous expression systems (e.g.,Escherichia coli,Corynebacterium glutamicum, andBacillus subtilis) have significantly enhanced PG production, withB. subtilisachieving 36.9 U/mL through promoter optimization and fusion tags. Moreover, rational design and computationally aided strategies improved catalytic efficiency and thermostability, such as mutant D1 with a specific activity of 131.6 U/mg and mutant mPG-5M with a 55-fold extended thermal half-life. Despite these advancements, challenges such as endotoxin control in some hosts and high costs of zymogen activation still remain. Future studies should focus on developing safer expression systems and integrating AI-driven enzyme design to promote PG applications in plant-based food industry.

Key words: protein glutaminase, expression optimization, molecular engineering, heterologous expression, plant-based foods

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