生物学杂志

生物学杂志 ›› 2024, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (6): 1-.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2024.06.001

• 特约综述 •    下一篇

空间微生物研究及生物工程应用

孙丽超1,2， 赵鹏卓1， 胡　伟3， 霍毅欣1,2   

  1. 1. 北京理工大学生命学院&航天中心医院， 北京 100081； 2. 北京理工大学唐山研究院， 唐山 063000；
    3. 中国科学院近代物理研究所， 兰州 730030
  • 出版日期:2024-12-18 发布日期:2024-12-16
  • 通讯作者: 霍毅欣，博士，教授，研究方向为合成生物学、碳中和、基因编辑、代谢工程、酶工程和生物信息学，E-mail:huoyixin@bit.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:孙丽超，博士，副研究员，研究方向为合成生物学、代谢工程、基因编辑、酶工程和微生物改造，E-mail:sunlichao@bit.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    唐山市科技计划项目（23130228E）； 河北省自然科学基金面上项目（C2023105022）

Space microbiology and its bioengineering applications

SUN Lichao1,2, ZHAO Pengzhuo1, HU Wei3, HUO Yixin1,2   

  1. 1. School of Life Science & Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China;
    2. Tangshan Research Institute, Beijing Institute of Technology, Tangshan 063000, China;
    3. Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730030, China
  • Online:2024-12-18 Published:2024-12-16

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摘要： 研究空间环境或模拟空间环境下的微生物行为及胁迫响应机制，有助于理解极端环境下微生物的适应性和进化性原理，对航天育种、科学指导航天任务、推动载人航天事业发展以及太空探索均具有重要意义。分析了微生物对空间环境的影响，介绍了空间微生物的研究方法和设备，综述了微重力、太空辐射等空间环境下微生物的生长与形态、细胞传质、次级代谢产物、免疫特性、生物膜形成、DNA损伤和胁迫响应等分子机制，深入探讨了空间微生物研究的价值，并对航天育种应用和生物医学工程应用等方向进行了展望。

关键词: 空间微生物, 微重力, 辐射, 航天育种, 生物工程应用

Abstract: Investigating the behavior and response mechanisms of microorganisms in space environments or simulated space environments aids in understanding their adaptability and evolutionary principles in extreme conditions. In this study, the impacts of microorganisms on the space environment were analyzed, and the techniques and equipments for studying space microbiology were introduced. Molecular mechanisms underlying microbial growth and morphology, mass transfer, secondary metabolite production, immune characteristics, biofilm formation, DNA damage and stress responses under space microgravity and radiation were thoroughly reviewed. The potential of space microbiology in aerospace breeding and biomedical engineering were further prospected. This work holds significant implications for space breeding, provides scientific guidance for space missions, and advances the development of manned spaceflight and space exploration.

Key words: space microbiology, microgravity, radiation, space breeding, bioengineering application

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