生物学杂志

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重金属复合污染对水稻镉吸收积累的影响

  

  1. 1. 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 技术生物与农业工程研究所, 合肥 230031;2. 中国科学技术大学, 合肥 230026;3. 环境毒理与污染控制技术安徽省重点实验室, 合肥 230031
  • 出版日期:2019-06-18 发布日期:2019-06-18
  • 通讯作者: 吴跃进,博士,研究员,博士生导师,主要从事辐射生物学机理及其应用研究,E-mail: yjwu@ipp.ac.cn
  • 作者简介:梁瑞,硕士,主要从事重金属污染控制方面的研究,E-mail: liangrui9301@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(A类)“水稻籽粒性状品质矿物元素重金属无损快速检测”(XDA08040107);国家自然科学基金(31301297)

Effect of heavy metal compound pollution on Cd uptake and accumulation in rice

  1. 1. Institute of Technical Biology and Agricultural Engineering, Hefei Institute of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031; 2. University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026; 3. Environmental  Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology Key Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei 230031, China
  • Online:2019-06-18 Published:2019-06-18

摘要: 鉴于自然界重金属污染以重金属复合污染为主,基于田间试验和水培试验,探究Cd低积累材料T2-1在复合污染背景下的Cd吸收转运和籽粒积累特征。结果表明:不同重金属污染田块种植的T2-1籽粒Cd积累均显著低于对照9311。与9311相比,在单一Cd污染田块种植的T2-1籽粒Cd积累降幅较大,达29.72%~61.63%;而在重金属复合污染田块种植的T2-1籽粒Cd含量降幅较小,仅11.07%。结果表明重金属复合污染条件下,其他重金属元素影响T2-1对Cd的吸收和运转。水培条件下,随Pb和Cu的加入,水稻苗高和干重呈下降趋势;相较Cd和Cd-Pb胁迫,Cu对水稻的抑制作用更显著。培养15 d和30 d的水稻苗高和干重变化趋势一致,苗期T2-1干物质积累稍小于9311,可能与T2-1根系固定更多的Cd需要消耗能量有关。T2-1根系对Cd的积累高于9311,而根系向地上部转运的Cd低于9311。在Cd-Pb-Cu复合处理下,低浓度Pb促进水稻吸收Cd。与单独Cd胁迫相比,Cd-Cu和Cd-Pb-Cu处理下的水稻地上和地下部Cd含量均显著降低。Cu可抑制T2-1对Cd的转移,且抑制效果远大于Pb的促进作用。综上,Cd低积累突变体在水稻重金属污染控制与食品安全中有应用前景,但鉴于重金属复合污染对水稻Cd的吸收、运转和积累存在影响,因而在筛选Cd低积累品种时需要增加复合污染的鉴定。

关键词: 水培, 水稻, 镉铅铜复合污染, 转移率, 镉低积累突变体

Abstract: As heavy metal pollution in nature is dominated by multiple heavy metal pollution, the current study investigated the Cd uptake, transport and grain accumulation of a low-Cd-accumulation rice mutant (T2-1), based on field and hydroponics experiments. The results showed that Cd accumulation was significantly lower in T2-1 than in the wild type 9311. Compared with 9311, Cd accumulation in T2-1 with a single Cd-contaminated field was significantly reduced by 29.72%-61.63%. However, the content of Cd in grains of T2-1 planted on the plots contaminated by multiple heavy metals was reduced by only 11.07%. The results indicated that other heavy metals affected the absorption and transfer of Cd by T2-1 under the conditions of multiple heavy metal pollution. Under hydroponic conditions, seedling height and dry weight decreased with the addition of Pb and Cu. Compared with Cd and Cd-Pb treatments, addition of Cu had more significant effects on inhibiting rice growth. The trend of seedling height and dry weight were the same at 15 and 30 d. Dry matter accumulation of T2-1 was slightly smaller than 9311, which might be related to the energy consumption of fixing more Cd in roots of T2-1. The accumulation of Cd in root of T2-1 was greater than that of 9311, while that Cd transfer from root to shoot was lower in T2-1 than in 9311. Low concentration of Pb significantly promoted Cd uptake by rice seedlings, indicating that low concentration of Pb enhance Cd bioavailability in rice. In the Cd-Cu and Cd-Pb-Cu treatments, the contents of Cd in shoots and roots of two rice seedlings decreased significantly compared with those under Cd stress alone. Cu can inhibit the transfer of Cd in T2-1, and the inhibitory effect is much greater than the promotion effect of Pb. Overall, application of low-Cd-accumulation rice mutant has a promising option to alleviate Cd pollution in rice production and enhance food security. Whereas, as multiple heavy metal pollution affects the absorption, transportation and accumulation of Cd in rice,the identification of multiple heavy metal pollution should be considered in the screening of low-Cd-accumulation cultivars.

Key words: hydroponics, rice, Cd-Pb-Cu interaction, transfer rate, low-Cd-accumulation mutant

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