生物学杂志

生物学杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (4): 9-.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2026.04.009

• 高原动物环境适应专题 • 上一篇    下一篇

啮齿总目两种TCA循环关键酶的高海拔适应性演化

吴阳松1,2， 熊振宇1， 田云涛1， 罗朝洋1,2， 许雄惠1， 盖玉林3， 沐　远1,2   

  1. 1. 大理大学 东喜玛拉雅研究院， 大理 671003； 2. 大理大学 交叉科学中心， 大理 671003；
    3. 西华师范大学 生命科学学院， 南充 637009
  • 出版日期:2026-08-18 发布日期:2026-08-21
  • 通讯作者: 沐远，博士，副研究员，研究方向为脊椎动物适应性演化，E-mail：muy@eastern-himalaya.cn
  • 作者简介:吴阳松，硕士研究生，研究方向为动物生态学，E-mail：1509654622@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    云南省基础研究专项面上项目（202401AT070083）；国家自然科学基金地区项目（32360119）

Adaptive evolution of two key TCA cycle enzyme genes during high-altitude adaptation in Glires

WU Yangsong1,2, XIONG Zhenyu1, TIAN Yuntao1, LUO Chaoyang1,2, XU Xionghui1,GAI Yulin3, MU Yuan1,2   

  1. 1. Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali 671003, China;
    2. Center for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Dali University, Dali 671003, China;
    3. College of Life Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, China
  • Online:2026-08-18 Published:2026-08-21

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摘要： 本研究选取啮齿总目（Glires）中44个代表物种，涵盖不同海拔梯度及多种特殊生境类型，围绕三羧酸（tricarboxylic acid，TCA）循环两类限速酶——柠檬酸合酶（citrate synthase，CS）及异柠檬酸脱氢酶3（isocitrate dehydrogenase 3，IDH3）亚基的4个编码基因（CS、IDH3A、IDH3B、IDH3G），系统分析其适应性进化特征。通过相关的进化分析方法，评估不同生境背景下的啮齿动物的选择压力模式。结果表明，CS、IDH3A、IDH3G、IDH3B基因整体受到强烈纯化选择，但在特定高海拔谱系中呈现出显著的进化速率异质性。系统发育分析进一步显示，CS及IDH3B的演化速率与海拔呈显著正相关，提示啮齿动物在高海拔适应中可能通过快速进化来适应高海拔环境。CS在多个独立高海拔支系中检测到正选择信号，受到正选择的氨基酸位点在蛋白质三维空间分布提示不同类群可能通过调控酶活或结构稳定性等不同路径应对低氧胁迫。本研究表明高海拔环境可能在分子进化层面持续塑造TCA循环关键酶的演化轨迹，为理解哺乳动物高海拔适应的代谢遗传基础提供新的比较基因组学证据。

关键词: 高海拔适应, 柠檬酸合酶, 异柠檬酸脱氢酶3, 啮齿总目, 正相关, 正选择信号

Abstract: In this study, 44 representative species from the Glires were selected, including taxa distributed across diverse altitudinal gradients and habitat types, and then two kinds of main rate-limiting enzyme genes in tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle were used to analyze the adaptive evolutionary characteristics, namely,CS, IDH3A, IDH3B, andIDH3G. Evolutionary analyses were employed to evaluate the selection pressure patterns under different habitat backgrounds. The results indicated thatCS, IDH3A, IDH3G, andIDH3Bwere generally subject to strong purifying selection, but the evolutionary rate exhibited significant heterogeneity among specific high-altitude lineages. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between the evolutionary rates ofCSandIDH3Band altitude, suggesting that rodents may facilitate high-altitude adaptation through rapid evolution. Positively selected sites were detected in theCSgene across multiple independent high-altitude lineages based on the branch-site model; the spatial distribution of these positive selection sites in the three-dimensional protein structure suggests that different taxa may cope with hypoxic stress through distinct pathways, such as regulating enzyme activity or structural stability. This study suggests that high-altitude environments may continuously shape the evolutionary trajectory of key TCA cycle enzymes at the molecular level, which provide new comparative genomics evidence for understanding the genetic basis of metabolism in high-altitude adaptation in mammals.

Key words: high-altitude adaptation, citrate synthase, isocitrate dehydrogenase 3, Glires, positive correlation, positive selection sites

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