关键词: 细胞焦亡, 经典激活途径, 非经典激活途径, Gasdermin D 蛋白, Gasdermin 蛋白家族

Abstract: AbstractAs a method of programmed cell death, pyroptosis has become a hot topic in recent years. It has attracted more attention in the research of infectious diseases, the occurrence and development of cancer, and some autoimmune diseases. The programmed death of cells, included pyroptosis, apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy, transformed and complemented each other, and established the complex death mechanism of cells. Pattern recognition receptors of cell can recognize the intracellular and extracellular pathogenic microbial components, and complete the assembly and activation of the inflammasome, then the pyroptosis signaling pathway is activated and cleavage of GSDMD by human or mouse caspase-1, human caspase-4, human caspase-5, and mouse caspase-11 liberates the N-terminal effector domain from the C-terminal inhibitory domain. The N-terminal domain oligomerizes in the cell membrane and forms a pore of 10-16 nm in diameter, through which substrates of a smaller diameter, such as interleukin-1β and interleukin-18, are secreted. Pyroptosis plays a key role in the response to extracellular infections and endogenous risk signals and thus plays an important role in the body′s natural immune response. In this paper, the characteristics of pyroptosis, the mechanism of induction and activation, the role of gasdermin, the role of formation and secretion of inflammatory factors were reviewedAbstractAs a method of programmed cell death, pyroptosis has become a hot topic in recent years. It has attracted more attention in the research of infectious diseases, the occurrence and development of cancer, and some autoimmune diseases. The programmed death of cells, included pyroptosis, apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy, transformed and complemented each other, and established the complex death mechanism of cells. Pattern recognition receptors of cell can recognize the intracellular and extracellular pathogenic microbial components, and complete the assembly and activation of the inflammasome, then the pyroptosis signaling pathway is activated and cleavage of GSDMD by human or mouse caspase-1, human caspase-4, human caspase-5, and mouse caspase-11 liberates the N-terminal effector domain from the C-terminal inhibitory domain. The N-terminal domain oligomerizes in the cell membrane and forms a pore of 10-16 nm in diameter, through which substrates of a smaller diameter, such as interleukin-1β and interleukin-18, are secreted. Pyroptosis plays a key role in the response to extracellular infections and endogenous risk signals and thus plays an important role in the body′s natural immune response. In this paper, the characteristics of pyroptosis, the mechanism of induction and activation, the role of gasdermin, the role of formation and secretion of inflammatory factors were reviewed.

Key words: pyroptosis, canonical inflammasome activation pathway, non-canonical inflammasome activation pathway, gasdermin D protein, gasdermin protein family